Mexico

MEXICO

Links: ~ MEXICO TODAY ~ Mexico History ~ America’s Cradle of Civilization ~

THE AZTECS: ( TENOCHITITLAN ~ Montezuma Xocoyotl II ~

Aztec Calendar & Mathematics ~ Aztec Codices ~ Nahuatl Languages ) ~

Conquistadors ~ Colonial Mexico ~ Women ~ Culture & Society of Mexico ~

Mexican Cities With Connections to Northern NM: ( Alcapulo ~

Chihuhua ~ Mexico City ~ Veracruz ~ Zacatecas ) ~

Grown in the Americas: ~ (Chili Peppers ~ Chocolate ~ Cochineal Red Dye ~

History of Corn ~ Tomatoes~ Potatoes) ~

~ MEXICO ~ STATE OF NEW MEXICO ~ 4 CORNERS SW USA ~

MEXICO TODAY

Mexico – Text – Photos – Links – Wikipedia site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico

Mexico Online – Directory - Many Links to Mexico –

http://www.mexonline.com/websites.htm

Mexico Connect – Electronic Magazine all about Mexico -

http://www.mexconnect.com/

MAPS of Mexico – Links –

http://www.maps-of-mexico.com/

Mexican Government – Links – MX Online Site -

http://www.mexonline.com/mexagncy.htm

Mexico Connects Photo & MAP Gallery – Many Links –

Mexico Connect Site –

http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/photo.html

~ MEXICO TODAY ~ MEXICO ~

Mexico History

Link: America’s Cradle of Civilization

Mexico History – Timeline overview as compared to the world –

Many Links - MX Connect Site –

http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/history.html

A Brief Snapshot of Mexican History – Mexico Connect Site -

http://www.mexconnect.com/business/mex2000history.html

"Land of the Fifth Sun” - Links -Mexico in Space & Time by Vincent H. Malmstrom –

An E-Book in Historical Geography –

http://www.dartmouth.edu/~izapa/LFS_Title%20Page.htm

Mexico City History – “The Roots of the City” 1500 BC–1500 AD – Mexico City Site -

http://www.mexicocity.com.mx/history1.html

~ MEXICO TODAY ~ MEXICO ~

America’s Cradle of Civilization

Caral, oldest city in the Americas - Ancient Peru – Article & Photos –

Links – Thomas H Maugh II LA Times – s8int Site –

http://www.s8int.com/sophis16.html

Caral, oldest city in the Americas – Text with Links –

Wikipedia Site -

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caral

~ America’s Cradle of Civilization ~ Mexico History ~ MEXICO ~

Oldest Civilization in the Americas Revealed – Article by Charles

C. Mann – Photos - PDF Site – Long Download -

http://www.charlesmann.org/articles/Norte-chico-Science-01-05.pdf#search=’oldest%20civilization%20%20caral’

American Indian Spirituality – Text – I M Purple Hawk Site -

http://impurplehawk.com/naspirit.html

First Nation’s Site Index – Man Links – Dick Shovel site –

http://www.dickshovel.com/www.html

North, South & Central American Documents – Links to Essays –

The 4^th World Documentation Project – CWIS Site –

http://www.cwis.org/americas.html#s_amer

~ America’s Cradle of Civilization ~ Mexico History ~ MEXICO ~

THE AZTECS

THE LAST GREAT INDIGENOUS CIVILIZATION

Links: ~ TENOCHITITLAN ~ Montezuma Xocoyotl II ~

Aztec Calendar & Mathematics ~ Aztec Codices ~ Nahuatl Languages ~

~ THE AZTECS ~ MEXICO ~

Historica Prehispanica – Casa de Mexico Site –

http://www.casademexico.com/prehispanica.html

Aztec Civilization – Image of the Sunstone Calendar – Text -

By Mark Becker – Truman State U MO Site -

http://www2.truman.edu/~marc/webpages/nativesp99/aztecs/aztec_template.html

~ THE AZTECS ~ MEXICO ~

“Are You Related To The Aztecs?” by John P. Schmal –

Mexico Connect Site –

http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/travel/jpschmal/jpsaztecs.html

Aztecs – Nahaatl – Tenochtitlan – Links – UMN Deluth Site -

http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth3618/maaztec.html

Law in Mexico before the Conquest – Links – U Texas Site -

http://tarlton.law.utexas.edu/rare/aztec/Home.htm

Health & Medical Practices in the Pre Columbian Americas - Text & Photo

By John W. Verano – Pan American Health Org. Site –

http://www.paho.org/English/DPI/Number7_article2.htm

Excavations at Aztec Peasant Sites – Dr. Michael Smith –

Univ. Albany, State Univ. NY -

http://www.public.asu.edu/~mesmith9/rural.html

Ancient Peru – Article & Photos – Links – Thomas H Maugh II

LA Times – s8int Site – (Oldest civilization in the Americas)

http://www.s8int.com/sophis16.html

Oldest Civilization in the Americas Revealed – Article by Charles

C. Mann – Photos - PDF Site - (Peru)

http://www.charlesmann.org/articles/Norte-chico-Science-01-05.pdf#search=’oldest%20civilization%20%20caral’

~ THE AZTECS ~ MEXICO ~

TENOCHTITLAN

Mexico – Tenochtitlan, Ancient City - Mexico City Site -

http://www.mexicocity.com.mx/anc_city.html

La Gran Tenochtitlan – The Dagger Site -

http://thedagger.com/archive/conquest/tenochtitlan.html

Imperial City of the Aztecs: Mexico Tenochtitlan – MAP – Text -

by Inga Clendinnen –

http://www.common-place.org/vol-03/no-04/mexico-city/

Art of Aztec Tenochititlan – Photos – Links – Tenochtitlan Site -

http://www.tenochtitlan.com/

The Sacred Precinct & Ritual Center of Tenochtitlan – Images –

Dr. John F. Chuchiak IV - SMSU Site -

http://history.smsu.edu/jchuchiak/HST%20397--Theme%2022--Sacred_precinct_and_ritual_cente.htm

The Final Conquest & Seige of Tenochtitlan – May-August 1521 –

Images – Dr. John F. Chuchiak IV - SMSU Site -

http://history.smsu.edu/jchuchiak/HST%20350--Theme%209--Final_conquest_and_siege_of_teno.htm

~ TENOCHTITLAN ~ THE AZTECS ~ MEXICO ~

Montezuma Xocoyotl II

The Tragedy of Montezuma II – Text – by Jim Tuck - MX Connect Site –

http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/history/jtuck/jtmoctezuma2.html

Montezuma Xocoyotl II – Text – Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Demi82

~ Montezuma Xocoyotl II ~ THE AZTECS ~ MEXICO ~

Aztec Calendar & Mathematics

Eagle Glyph & the Sun Stone - Text with Photos – Time Star Site -

http://www.timestar.org/a-eagle.htm

History of Mathematics in Central and South America

http://mtcs.truman.edu/~thammond/history/IndigenousCentralAndSouthAmerica.html

A brief history of “Zero” The Babylonians using “zero” 200-300 BC, the Mayans 4 AD –

Media Tinker Site -

http://www.mediatinker.com/blog/archives/008821.html

Mayan Mathematics – Text – MAP – Charts – Links – GAP Site -

http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Mayan_mathematics.html

~ Aztec Calendar & Mathematics ~ THE AZTECS ~ MEXICO ~

Aztec Codices

Aztec Books, Documents, Writing –

http://www.azteca.net/aztec/nahuatl/writing.html

Aztec Codices – Ancient scripts Site -

http://www.ancientscripts.com/aztec.html

Aztec Manuscripts –

http://pages.prodigy.net/gbonline/awaztec.html

~ Aztec Codices ~ THE AZTECS ~ MEXICO ~

Nahuatl Languages

About Nahuatl – Text – MAP – Nahuatl Site –

http://nahuatl.info/nahuatl.htm

Nahuatl Family – Nahuatl (Aztec, Mexican) – Text –

Many Links – SIL International Site -

http://www.sil.org/MEXICO/nahuatl/00i-nahuatl.htm

Nahuatl Language – Text with Links – Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahuatl_language

~ Nahuatl Languages ~ THE AZTECS ~ MEXICO ~

CONQUISTADORS

Conquistadors – Text – Links - PBS Site –

http://www.pbs.org/opb/conquistadors/mexico/mexico.htm

Conquistadors – Text with Links – Wilipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conquistadors

The Spanish Invasion – Text – Links – Learner Site –

http://www.learner.org/biographyofamerica/prog01/transcript/page03.html

The Conquest of Mexico – by Peter Rashkin, The Dagger Site -

http://thedagger.com/archive/conquest/conquest1.html

Hernando Cortez – Text with Links – Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s

American Conquest – Info about the Spanish Conquistadors –

Florida History Text by Donald Sheppard, Art by Cheryl Lucente –

Links – Images – MAPS - FL History Site –

http://www.floridahistory.com/start.html

Slavery a la Mexicana - Text by Shep Lenchek – Mex Connect Site –

http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/travel/slenchek/slslavery.html

~ CONQUISTADORS ~ THE AZTECS ~ MEXICO ~

Colonial Mexico

The Settlement of New Spain - Mexico’s Colonial Era – Text – Links -

MX Connect Site

http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/travel/dpalfrey/dpcolonial1.html

Colonial Cities of Mexico – Large Travel Photos with Text –

Links - by Galen R. Frysinger – Long Download

http://www.galenfrysinger.com/mexico_colonial_cities.htm

Highland Silver Mining Cities - Finding the Real Spirit of Old

Colonial Mexico – Text – Link to Zacatecas - Epinions Site -

http://www.epinions.com/content_4241727620

Colonial Mexican Architecture – Photos –

http://www.colonial-estates.pvoss.de/mexico-historical-haciendas.htm

Colonial Administration – Text – Country Studies Site –

http://www.country-studies.com/mexico/colonial-administration.html

Mexico’s Colonial Government Successful Failure – Text –

Shep Lenchek – MX Connect Site –

http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/travel/slenchek/slcolonialfailure.html

Religion & Society in New Spain – MX Colonial Era – Text –

Links – MX Connect Site –

http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/travel/dpalfrey/dpcolonial2.html

Ecological Impact of the Age of Discovery on the New World –

By Matthew G. Wilson -

http://muweb.millersville.edu/~columbus/papers/wilson-1.html

~ Colonial Mexico ~ MEXICO ~

WOMEN

“The dearth of Spanish Women at the start of the colonial era led

to numerous unions between Indian Women & Spaniards”. . .

Mexico’s Colonial Era - by Dale Hoyte Potfrey – Religion & Society

Part II - Mexico Connect Site –

http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/travel/dpalfrey/dpcolonial2.html

Native American Women Living with the Landscape – by Rebecca Bales – OAH Site –

http://www.oah.org/pubs/magazine/women/bales.htm

Latin American Women: Finding New Heroes by D. Jill Savitt – Yale Site -

http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1984/3/84.03.07.x.html

~ WOMEN ~ MEXICO ~

CULTURE & SOCIETY OF MEXICO

Mexico Culture & Art – Mexico Online Site -

http://www.mexonline.com/cultart.htm

Culture of Mexico – Text – Links – Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Mexico

Origins of Mexican Dances –

http://www.barraganzone.com/mexicandances.html

History of the Mariachi – Text – Links - Mariachi Site –

http://www.mariachi.org/history.html

A Bull Fight in Mexico – Large Photos with Text – Links –

by Galen R. Frysinger – Long Download -

http://www.galenfrysinger.com/bull_fight.htm

~ CULTURE & SOCIETY OF MEXICO ~ MEXICO ~

MEXICAN CITIES

WITH CONNECTIONS TO NORTHERN NM

Links: ALCAPULO ~ CHIHUAHUA ~ MEXICO CITY ~ VERACRUZ

~ ZACATECAS ~ ~ MEXICO ~

Acapulco, Mexico Link to SPAIN

CHIHUAHUA

The State of Chihuahua – MAP – Photos – Links -

Mex Connect Site –

http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/chihuahua/chihuahuaindex.html

The State of Chihuahua – Info – Photos – Links – Surf-Mexico Site –

http://www.surf-mexico.com/states/Chihuahua/

Chihuahua the City - Links – Tour by MX Site -

http://www.tourbymexico.com/chihua/chihua/chihua.htm

Chihuahua the City – Large Travel Photos with Text – by Galen R. Frysinger –

http://www.galenfrysinger.com/chihuahua.htm

Brief History of Ojinaga (Chihuahua) “Pearl of the Desert” –

http://ojinaga.com/Peguis/history/history.html -

~ Chihuahua ~ Mexican Cities With Connections to Northern NM ~ MEXICO ~

MEXICO CITY

Mexico City – Links -

http://www.mexicocity.com.mx/mexcity.html

All About Mexico City – Text – Photos – Links –

http://www.allaboutmexicocity.com/

~ Mexico City ~ Mexican Cities with Connections to Northern NM ~ MEXICO ~

VERACRUZ Link to: SPAIN ~ MEXICO ~

ZACATECAS

Zacatecas MX

http://www.zacatecas.com/

Zacatecas, The City of Silver – Our Mexico Site –

http://www.ourmexico.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=105&catid=34:travel&Itemid=81

Zacatecas – Text – Links – Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacatecas

Growth Through Silver – Zacatecas History –“ Zacatecas Silver Belt, most prolific silver

producers in the World” – Mining for over 500 years –

http://www.nafinance.com/Listed_Co/English/Source_e.htm

Zacatecas Silver Mines – Text with MAP – Impact Silver Site -

http://www.impactsilver.com/s/Zacatecas.asp

~ Zacatecas ~ Mexican Cities with Connections to Northern NM ~ MEXICO ~

GROWN IN THE AMERICAS

Links: ~ Chili Peppers ~ Chocolate ~ Cochineal Red Dye ~

History of Corn ~ Tomatoes ~ Potatoes ~

~ GROWN IN THE AMERICAS ~ MEXICO ~

Foods Native to the Americas –

http://www.efn.org/~sundance/NativeFoods.html

“Food & Cuisine” - of the Americas by Clara Sue Kidwell –

(Choctaw/Chippewa) – White Dove Site -

http://users.multipro.com/whitedove/encyclopedia/food-and-cuisine.html

Moctezuma’s Table –Essay by Amalia Mesa-Bains

http://www.artco.org/sa/briseno/briseno5.html

A Thumbnail History of Mexican Food –

http://www.earthfoot.org/mercados/food2.html

Plant History – foods from the Americas -

http://www.eu-sol.net/public/plant-histories/tomato-history/introduction#main-content-nav

~ GROWN IN THE AMERICAS ~ MEXICO ~

Chili Peppers

Peppers: History & Exploitation of a Serendipitous New Crop

Discovery – Text by W. Hardy Eshbaugh – US Hot Stuff Site –

http://ushotstuff.com/history.htm

Garden Pepper, Both a Vegetable & a Condiment –

http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/plantanswers/publications/vegetabletravelers/pepper.html

New Mexico Chili –

http://www.nmchili.com/chili_history.htm

~ Chili Peppers ~ GROWN IN THE AMERICAS ~ MEXICO ~

CHOCOLATE

The Lore and History of Chocolate – Latin America -

By Kathleen Jenks PhD. Many Chocolate Links

http://www.mythinglinks.org/ip~cacao.html

The History of Chocolate – Text – Links - by Jack Weatherford –

http://xocoatl.org/history.htm

Chocolate Recipes by Godiva Chocolatier –

http://www.godiva.com/recipes/default.aspx

~ Chocolate ~ GROWN IN THE AMERICAS ~ MEXICO ~

Cochineal Red Dye

Cochineal – Red Dye – ranked next to gold & silver

as an export from the Americas -

Red Scales in the Sunset – “Next to gold, cochineal was the

most desired Import from Middle America – UCLA Site -

http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/botanytextbooks/economicbotany/Cochineal/

The Bug That Changed History by Jeff Behan

http://www.gcrg.org/bqr/8-2/bug.htm

Cochineal – Text – Links Wikipedia Site -

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochineal

Maya Dye & the great tax dodge – Text by Dr. Herman Smith -

Ambergris Caye Belize Site -

http://ambergriscaye.com/museum/digit7.html

Textiles & Weaving in Mexico – Cochineal Process - Large Photos

with Text – Links - by Galen R. Frysinger

http://www.galenfrysinger.com/dying_and_weaving.htm

~ Cochneal Red Dye ~ GROWN IN THE AMERICAS ~ MEXICO ~

History of Corn

Hopi The Corn People – Test - View Zone Site -

http://www.viewzone.com/day5a.html

Mything Links – The Lore & History of Maize – by

Kathleen Jenks PhD. Many Mythology Links

http://www.mythinglinks.org/ip~maize.html

Evolution of Maize Agriculture – Text – Images Links –

Native Tech Site –

http://www.nativetech.org/cornhusk/cornhusk.html

Planting a “Three Sisters” Garden – Info – Native Tech Site –

http://www.nativetech.org/cornhusk/threesisters.html

~ History of Corn ~ GROWN IN THE AMERICAS ~ MEXICO ~

TOMATOES

Tomato – Text Links – Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato

Tomato History –

http://www.theworldwidegourmet.com/products/articles/tomato-history/

How to grow a Tomato Plant –

http://www.wikihow.com/Grow-a-Tomato-Plant

~ Tomatoes ~ GROWN IN THE AMERICAS ~ MEXICO ~

POTATOES

Potato – Text – Photos – Links – Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potato

The Impact of the Potato – Text – Links - by Jeff Chapman –

History Magazine Site –

http://www.history-magazine.com/potato.html

“Potato’s Past” - Text – MAP San Luis Valley – Mountain Valley Produce Site -

http://mvproduce.com/papahistory.html

~ Potatoes ~ GROWN IN THE AMERICAS ~ MEXICO ~